⭐ 1. Lesson Explanation

What Are Arabic Short Vowels?

In Arabic, letters do not have fixed vowel sounds like in English. Instead, they take short vowels (حَرَكَات) that change the pronunciation of the letter.

There are three basic short vowels used in Qur’anic reading:

1️⃣ Fatḥa – الفَتْحَة (ـَ)

• A small diagonal stroke above the letter: ـَ
• Sound: “a” as in “apple”
• Short, quick, light sound.
• Example: بَ = ba, تَ = ta, حَ = ḥa

2️⃣ Kasra – الكَسْرَة (ـِ)

• A small diagonal stroke below the letter: ـِ
• Sound: “i” as in “sit”
• The tongue moves slightly down and forward.
• Example: بِ = bi, تِ = ti, زِ = zi

3️⃣ Ḍamma – الضَّمَّة (ـُ)

• A small curl above the letter: ـُ
• Sound: “u” as in “put”
• The lips round slightly.
• Example: بُ = bu, تُ = tu, رُ = ru

⭐ Important Reminder

In this lesson, all letters are shown separately (not joined), because you are still learning vowel forms and pure pronunciation.

2. Complete Practice Tables

These tables include all 29 Arabic letters, each with the three vowels.

1. All Letters with Fatḥa (ـَ)

Pronounce each with a short “a” sound.

بَ — تَ — ثَ — جَ — حَ — خَ — دَ — ذَ — رَ — زَ — سَ — شَ — صَ — ضَ — طَ — ظَ — عَ — غَ — فَ — قَ — كَ — لَ — مَ — نَ — هَ — وَ — يَ — أَ

(Hamzah shown as أَ)

Practice Set (Fatḥa):
👉 [Insert practice table here]

1. All Letters with Kasra (ـِ)

Pronounce each with a short “i” sound.

بِ — تِ — ثِ — جِ — حِ — خِ — دِ — ذِ — رِ — زِ — سِ — شِ — صِ — ضِ — طِ — ظِ — عِ — غِ — فِ — قِ — كِ — لِ — مِ — نِ — هِ — وِ — يِ — إِ

(Hamzah shown as إِ)

Practice Set (Kasra):
👉 [Insert practice table here]

1. All Letters with Ḍamma (ـُ)

Pronounce each with a short “u” sound.

بُ — تُ — ثُ — جُ — حُ — خُ — دُ — ذُ — رُ — زُ — سُ — شُ — صُ — ضُ — طُ — ظُ — عُ — غُ — فُ — قُ — كُ — لُ — مُ — نُ — هُ — وُ — يُ — أُ

(Hamzah shown as أُ)

Practice Set (Ḍamma):

Letters with Kasrah (إِ, بِ, تِ, etc.) – The “i” sound

Letters with Ḍammah (أُ, بُ, تُ, etc.) – The “u” sound